Welding ke ts'ebetso eo ho eona mefuta e 'meli kapa ho feta ea thepa e tšoanang kapa e fapaneng e kopanngoang ka ho tlamahanoa le ho arohana lipakeng tsa liathomo kapa limolek'hule.
Mokhoa oa ho khothaletsa maqhama le karohano lipakeng tsa liathomo le limolek'hule ke ho futhumatsa kapa ho hatella, kapa ho futhumatsa le ho hatella ka nako e le 'ngoe.
Classification of welding
Metal welding e ka aroloa ka fusion welding, welding khatello le brazing ho latela litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso ea eona
Ts'ebetsong ea ho kopanya tjheseletsa, haeba sepakapaka se kopane ka kotloloho le letamo le qhibilihileng la mocheso o phahameng, oksijene e sepakapakeng e tla oxidize litšepe le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa alloy.Naetrojene le mouoane oa metsi sepakapakeng li tla kena ka letamo le qhibilihisitsoeng, 'me likoli tse kang li-pores, li-slag inclusions le mapetsong li tla thehoa ka weld nakong ea ts'ebetso e latelang ea ho pholile, e tla senya boleng le ts'ebetso ea weld.
Bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa boleng ba ho cheselletsa, ho entsoe mekhoa e fapaneng ea ts'ireletso.Ka mohlala, khase e sirelelitsoeng arc welding ke ho arola sepakapaka ka argon, carbon dioxide le likhase tse ling ho sireletsa arc le sekhahla sa letamo nakong ea ho tjheseletsa;Ka mohlala, ha tjheseletsa tšepe, phaella ka ho re ferrotitanium phofo le phahameng oksijene affinity ho eleketrode barbotage bakeng sa deoxidation ka sireletsa lintho tse molemo tse kang manganese le silicon ka eleketrode ho tloha oxidation le ho kena ka letamo ho qhibilihisoa, 'me fumana tjheseletsa boleng bo phahameng ka mor'a hore tsidifatso.
Mochini oa welding o batang oa mofuta oa benche
Tšobotsi e tloaelehileng ea mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho cheselletsa khatello ke ho sebelisa khatello nakong ea welding ntle le lisebelisoa tsa ho tlatsa.Mekhoa e mengata ea ho tjheseletsa khatello, joalo ka ho tjheseletsa ha diffusion, welding e phahameng-frequency welding and cold pressure welding, ha e na ts'ebetso ea ho qhibiliha, ka hona ha ho na mathata a kang ho qhibiliha ha tjheseletsa, joalo ka ho chesoa ha lintho tse molemo tsa alloy le tlhaselo ea lintho tse kotsi ho chesella. e nolofatsa ts'ebetso ea welding le ho ntlafatsa polokeho le maemo a bophelo bo botle ba ho cheselletsa.Ka nako e ts'oanang, hobane mocheso oa mocheso o tlase ho feta oa fusion welding le nako ea ho futhumatsa e khuts'oane, sebaka se amehileng ke mocheso se nyane.Lisebelisoa tse ngata tseo ho leng thata ho li tjheseletsa ka fusion welding hangata e ka ba khatello e cheselitsoeng ka manonyeletso a boleng bo holimo a nang le matla a tšoanang le a tšepe ea motheo.
Lenonyeletso le entsoeng nakong ea ho cheselletsa le ho kopanya 'mele e' meli e hokahaneng le bitsoa weld.Nakong ea welding, mahlakore ka bobeli a weld a tla angoa ke mocheso oa welding, 'me sebopeho le thepa li tla fetoha.Sebaka sena se bitsoa sebaka se amehang ke mocheso.Nakong ea welding, thepa ea workpiece, welding material le welding current li fapane.Ho senya weldability, ho hlokahala ho lokisa maemo a welding.Preheating, ho boloka mocheso nakong tjheseletsa le poso tjheseletsa mocheso kalafo ka segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo pele tjheseletsa ka ntlafatsa tjheseletsa boleng ba tjheseletsa.
Ho feta moo, ho cheselletsa ke mokhoa o potlakileng oa ho futhumatsa le ho pholisa sebakeng seo.Sebaka sa ho tjheseletsa ha se khone ho hola le ho hola ka bolokolohi ka lebaka la tšitiso ea 'mele o potolohileng oa workpiece.Kamora ho pholile, khatello ea welding le deformation li tla etsahala ka weldment.Lihlahisoa tsa bohlokoa li hloka ho felisa khatello ea welding le deformation e nepahetseng ea welding ka mor'a ho tjheseletsa.
Theknoloji ea sejoale-joale ea tjheseletsa e khonne ho hlahisa li-welds tse se nang bofokoli ba kahare le kantle le thepa ea mochini e lekanang kapa e phahame ho feta ea 'mele o hokahaneng.Boemo bo kopanetsoeng ba 'mele o cheselitsoeng sebakeng se bitsoa lenonyeletso le cheselitsoeng.Matla a motsoako ha a amehe feela ka boleng ba weld, empa hape a amana le geometry ea eona, boholo, khatello ea kelello le maemo a sebetsang.Mefuta ea mantlha ea manonyeletso e kenyelletsa lenonyeletso la butt, lap joint, T-joint (positive joint) le lenonyeletso la sekhutlo.
Sebopeho sa cross-sectional sa butt joint weld se itšetlehile ka botenya ba 'mele o cheselitsoeng pele ho tjheseletsa le mofuta oa groove oa likarolo tse peli tse kopanyang.Ha ho chesetsoa lipoleiti tsa tšepe tse teteaneng, li-grooves tsa libopeho tse fapaneng li tla khaoloa mathōkong bakeng sa ho kenella, e le hore lithupa tsa welding kapa lithapo li ka feptjoa habonolo.Ha u khetha foromo ea groove, ntle le ho netefatsa ho kenella ka botlalo, lintlha tse joalo ka welding e bonolo, tšepe e nyane ea ho tlatsa, deformation e nyane ea welding le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa ho lokisa li-groove le tsona li lokela ho nahanoa.
Ha lipoleiti tse peli tsa tšepe tse nang le botenya bo fapaneng li koetsoe, e le ho qoba khatello e matla ea khatello ea maikutlo e bakoang ke liphetoho tse hlabang likarolong tse fapaneng, hangata moeli o teteaneng oa poleiti o fokotsoa butle-butle ho finyella botenya bo lekanang metseng e 'meli e kopanetsoeng.Matla a tsitsitseng le matla a mokhathala a manonyeletso a butt a phahame ho feta a manonyeletso a mang.Welding ea butt joint hangata e ratoa bakeng sa ho hokahanya tlas'a meroalo e fapanyetsanang le e nang le tšusumetso kapa ka likepe tse nang le mocheso o tlase le tse nang le khatello e phahameng.
Lenonyeletso la lap le bonolo ho itokisetsa pele ho tjheseletsa, ho bonolo ho kopanya, mme le le lenyane ho tjheseletsa deformation le kgatello e setseng.Ka hona, hangata e sebelisoa ho li-joint tsa ho kenya setša le mehaho e sa hlokahaleng.Ka kakaretso, lirope ha li loketse ho sebetsa ka tlas'a mojaro o fapanyetsanang, sebaka se senyang, mocheso o phahameng kapa mocheso o tlase.
Tšebeliso ea li-T-joints le li-angle joints hangata li bakoa ke litlhoko tsa sebopeho.Litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso ea li-welds tse sa phethahalang tsa li-fillet ho li-T-joints li tšoana le tsa lap joints.Ha tjheseletsa e perpendicular ho tataiso ea matla a ka ntle, e fetoha tjheseletsa ea fillet e ka pele, 'me sebopeho sa bokaholimo sa weld se tla baka khatello ea maikutlo ka likhato tse fapaneng;Khatello ea maikutlo ea fillet weld ka ho kenella ka ho feletseng e tšoana le ea motsoako oa butt.
Matla a ho jara a lenonyeletso la sekhutlo a tlase, 'me ka kakaretso ha a sebelisoe a le mong.E ka ntlafatsoa feela ha ho na le ho kenella ka ho feletseng kapa ha ho na le li-welds tsa fillet ka hare le ka ntle.E sebelisoa haholo hukung ea sebopeho se koetsoeng.
Lihlahisoa tse cheselitsoeng li bobebe ho feta likarolo tse riveted, castings le forgings, tse ka fokotsang boima ba 'mele le ho boloka matla bakeng sa likoloi tsa lipalangoang.Welding e na le thepa e ntle ea ho tiisa 'me e loketse ho etsa lijana tse fapaneng.Nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea ts'ebetso e kopaneng, e kopanyang welding le forging le casting, e ka etsa meaho e meholo, ea moruo le e utloahalang ea ho lahla le ho etsa litšepe le meaho ea forging le welding, ka melemo e phahameng ea moruo.Ts'ebetso ea welding e ka sebelisa lisebelisoa ka nepo, 'me sebopeho sa welding se ka sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nang le thepa e fapaneng likarolong tse fapaneng, e le ho fana ka papali e felletseng molemong oa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng le ho fihlela moruo le boleng bo holimo.Welding e se e le mokhoa oa bohlokoa le o ntseng o tsoela pele oa bohlokoa indastering ea sejoale-joale.
Ts'ebetsong ea morao-rao ea tšepe, welding e ile ea ntlafatsoa hamorao ho feta ho lahla le ho forging, empa e ile ea tsoela pele ka potlako.Boima ba meaho e cheselitsoeng bo nka hoo e ka bang 45% ea tlhahiso ea tšepe, 'me karolo ea aluminium le aluminium alloy alloy welded e ntse e eketseha.
Bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea ho tjheseletsa nakong e tlang, ka lehlakoreng le leng, mekhoa e mecha ea ho tjheseletsa, lisebelisoa tsa ho tjheseletsa le lisebelisoa tsa ho tjheseletsa li lokela ho ntlafatsoa ho ntlafatsa boleng ba tjheseletsa le polokeho le ts'epahalo, joalo ka ho ntlafatsa mehloli e teng ea matla e kang arc, plasma arc, electron. lebone le laser;U sebelisa theknoloji ea elektroniki le thekenoloji ea taolo, ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea arc, le ho nts'etsapele mokhoa o tšepahalang le o bobebe oa ho latela arc.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, re lokela ho ntlafatsa boemo ba ho tjheseletsa metjhini le boiketsetso, joalo ka ho phethahala ha taolo ea mananeo le taolo ea dijithale ea mechini ea welding;Theha mochini o khethehileng oa tjheseletsa o tsamaisang ts'ebetso eohle ho tloha ts'ebetsong ea ho itokisa, welding ho ea ho tlhahlobo ea boleng;Moleng oa tlhahiso ea li-welding, nts'etsopele le ho atolosoa ha liroboto tsa ho tjheselletsa palo le liroboto tsa welding li ka ntlafatsa boemo ba tlhahiso ea welding le ho ntlafatsa maemo a bophelo bo botle le polokeho.
Nako ea poso: Sep-02-2022